• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion A reporter

  2020-03-13

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion A reporter of FGF signaling activity has long been sought to facilitate the quantitative real-time analysis of pathway activity at single-cell resolution. Here we report the generation of a Spry4 reporter allele in ESCs and mice that recapitulates kn

• br Materials and Methods br

  2020-03-13

  

  Materials and Methods Results Discussion The spatial properties of receptor-ligand interactions can influence receptor activation and signal propagation, but studying this phenomenon requires the development of systems capable of recapitulating complex biophysical traits. In this study, we

• br A major physiological action of ET

  2020-03-13

  

  A major physiological action of ET-1 is to function as one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors of human blood vessels. As such, ET-1 plays a major role in regulating vascular function in all organ systems, including the kidney (Fig. 1). As in other vessels, ET-1 is thought to be released from en

• DGK is not the only DGK isoform that has

  2020-03-12

  

  DGKε is not the only DGK isoform that has been associated with p53. It has been shown that DGKζ binds to p53 and modulates its activity in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus [39]. In the cytosol DGKζ promotes the degradation of p53 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system [39], also a likely mechanis

• Introduction BRs are well known

  2020-03-12

  

  Introduction BRs are well known class of steroid phytohormones involved in the regulation of key processes of plant growth and development [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. A lot of attention is driven to BRs in the last decade because of their undeniable functions in promoting ribosomal s6 kinase reaction

• The radial distribution function is given by For pure

  2020-03-12

  

  The radial distribution function, , is given by: For pure components and pseudo-components, the constants a and b are calculated as:whereand Tc, Pc and ω are the critical temperature, critical pressure and acentric factor, respectively. Parameters a and b for mixtures are calculated from those of

• In the present study we did not examine

  2020-03-12

  

  In the present study, we did not examine whether the CpG site-specific COMT methylation are associated with any genetic variants in response to E2, GEN or SFN. Some studies suggest that oxidative DNA damage causes genetic variation which may induce epigenetic changes that lead to gene silencing (Kho

• Notochord is a transient structure differentiating at early

  2020-03-12

  

  Notochord is a transient structure differentiating at early stage during embryogenesis that is at the origin of vertebral bodies in all vertebrates. In zebrafish, it is composed of vacuolated Calpain Inhibitor II, ALLM surrounded by a unique ECM structure improperly called notochordal BM. As in chic

• It is of interest that an initial maternal experience in

  2020-03-12

  

  It is of interest that an initial maternal experience in virgin mice produces both changes in subsequent maternal behavior as well as possible changes in neural gene expression. Stolzenberg et al. (2012) proposed that experience-based changes in maternal responsiveness may be mediated by chromatin m

• NF B is a family of protein mediators that

  2020-03-12

  

  NF-κB is a family of protein mediators that regulate various innate and adaptive immune responses [29,30]. The NF-κB family consists of the following five proteins: c-Rel (Rel); p65 (RelA); RelB; p50(NF-κB1); and p52(NF-κB2). It has been confirmed that NF-κB is activated by TNF family cytokines, suc

• After activation AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved

  2020-03-12

  

  After activation, AKT phosphorylates target proteins involved in cell growth, metabolism and survival (Manning and Cantley, 2007). For example, AKT phosphorylates the pro-apoptotic protein BAD, preventing it from binding to and inactivating Bcl-xL in mitochondria (Datta et al., 1997). In turn, Bcl-x

• br Introduction Our understanding of

  2020-03-12

  

  Introduction Our understanding of how ligands interact with G protein coupled receptors is evolving, particularly the recognition that some have the ability to preferentially activate a subset of intracellular signalling cascades – so called pathway biased ligands [1]. Additionally, it is now acc

• br Conflict of Interest br Statement of Authorship

  2020-03-12

  

  Conflict of Interest Statement of Authorship Introduction Plant endopeptidases are involved in many important biological processes. Recent developments in molecular biological techniques have revealed trace amounts of endopeptidases play essential roles in plant development, turnover of pho

• The enantiomeric ratio ER of chiral compounds

  2020-03-12

  

  The enantiomeric ratio (ER) of chiral compounds accumulated in organisms has been found to be different among species (Borga and Bidleman, 2005, Harner et al., 1999, Warner et al., 2005, Wiberg et al., 2000), indicating enantioselective accumulation of chiral compounds are species-specific. The ER o

• The important role of miRNAs in cellular differentiation has

  2020-03-12

  

  The important role of miRNAs in cellular differentiation has been proposed recently. Previous studies had suggested roles for different miRNAs during osteogenesis [20]. Certain miRNAs could promote osteoblast differentiation, such as miR-194 [20], whereas others could inhibit the cell differentiatio

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