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Our previous studies and others have identified that the inh
2024-04-16
Our previous studies and others have identified that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane induces neuronal apoptosis via [Ca2+]i overload through the opening of synaptic voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and the excessive Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (Zhao et al., 2011; Zha
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br Future directions outlook Peptide based macrocycles are a
2024-04-16
Future directions-outlook Peptide-based macrocycles are among the privileged scaffolds in antibiotic drug discovery. Many compounds were discovered by natural product screening and developed unchanged, or as semi-synthetic derivatizations. Since the golden age of antibiotic discovery (1940s-mid 1
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br Steroidogenesis in the skin The
2024-04-16
Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis of steroid hormones takes place in many tissues of which the adrenal glands, ovaries, testis, placenta and Luciferase Reporter Assay Kit are considered to be classical steroidogenic organs. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an important peripheral steroidog
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In receptor binding terminology both receptor and acceptor
2024-04-16
In receptor binding terminology, both receptor and acceptor contain a receptive site for the ligand, although only the receptor induces a biological function. Moreover, the acceptor lacks an endogenous ligand. Many proteins have been described as receptors for toxic Aβ assemblies, implying a designe
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Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic
2024-04-16
Previous studies have demonstrated that synaptic AMPARs can differ greatly in their mobility; some rapidly and constitutively phalloidin receptor in and out of the synaptic membrane, while others remain somewhat stable in the synaptic membrane (Luscher et al., 1999, Luthi et al., 1999). We find tha
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Ultraviolet UV spectroscopy is commonly used for
2024-04-15
Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy is commonly used for screening potential ADA inhibitors [15]. In the UV method, the ADA reaction is calculated by measuring the decrease in absorbance of the substrate at 265 nm or increase in absorbance of the product at 248 nm. However, AD and inosine share a very clo
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hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective catecholaminergic neurot
2024-04-15
6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and
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br Increased blood ATX and
2024-04-15
Increased blood ATX and LPA in liver fibrosis Although previous in vitro findings have suggested a link between LPA and liver fibrosis in vivo, whether LPA plays a primary role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis has remained uncertain. No phenotypic changes in livers of LPA receptor-deficient
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Despite their different effects on cell survival
2024-04-15
Despite their different effects on cell survival, the functions of autophagy and apoptosis are not completely independent. Additionally, Cho et al. (2009) suggested that the mediation of caspase-3 links the apoptotic and autophagic signaling pathways. Consequently, to illuminate the correlation, exc
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To better illustrate the involved neuronal postganglionic pa
2024-04-15
To better illustrate the involved neuronal postganglionic pathways, central apelin-13 injection was performed in rats received peripheral preadministration of NOS inhibitor L-NAME, sympatholytic agent guanethidine and/or muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol. Compared with the rats received vehicl
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br The role of apelin
2024-04-15
The role of apelin in hypertension diseases The role of apelin and its receptor APJ in cardiovascular diseases has been described in numerous studies (Table 2) [36,37]. It has been revealed that exogenous apelin may lower blood pressure. Tatemoto et al. [6] have discovered that different forms of
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br HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The multifaceted ro
2024-04-15
HMGB proteins and chromatin structure The multifaceted roles played by HMGB (formerly called HMG-1 and -2) proteins in modulating chromatin structure, gene transcriptional activity and cellular phenotype have been covered in a number of recent reviews and readers are referred to these for in-dep
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In humans the superior safety profile of lipid associated
2024-04-15
In humans, the superior safety profile of lipid-associated formulations is characterized by decreased acute infusion-related reactions and dose-related nephrotoxicity, allowing the administration of larger doses and therefore similar efficacy with fewer administrations. In vitro studies and human cl
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The fat body is one of the
2024-04-13
The fat body is one of the largest tissues of Bombyx mori, with components including fat, glycogen, protein and vitamins. The fat body exhibits important physiological functions, not only storing a large number of nutrients but also serving as an important site of biosynthesis and metabolism (Arrese
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br Acknowledgements br Introduction Diabetic complications a
2024-04-13
Acknowledgements Introduction Diabetic complications are responsible for increased morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Increased flow of diltiazem hcl through the polyol pathway under conditions of hyperglycemia contributes to the development of diabetic complications. Aldose reduct
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