• br Acknowledgments This research was

  2020-06-05

  

  Acknowledgments This research was supported by grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grants SAF/FEDER 2010-17907; 2013-49076-P), Spain, Red de trastornos adictivos (RETICS RD12/0028//0003, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain) and Fundación Séneca (15405/PI/10, Región de Murcia, Spa

• br Acknowledgments We thank the Lapaha Community and Nobles

  2020-06-05

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the Lapaha Community and Nobles (His Serene Highness Prince Kalaniuvalu Fotofili, Her Serene Highness Princess Marcella Taumoepeau Tupou Kalaniuvalu Fotofili and Her Royal Highness Mele Siu\'ilikutapu Kalaniuvalu Fotofili) and the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Government

• DDR is one of two non integrin tyrosine

  2020-06-05

  

  DDR1 is one of two, non-integrin tyrosine kinase receptors activated by collagen. Although DDR1 has five isoforms (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e) generated by alternative splicing, only DDR1a and 1b have active kinase domains, whereas DDR2, encoded by a distinct gene, has one isoform (Vogel et al., 2006). Coll

• Downregulation of tumor suppressors is

  2020-06-05

  

  Downregulation of tumor suppressors is a major factor that leads to tumorigenesis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), a common tumor suppressor, the energy metabolism of which is often downregulated or even absent in the majority of human cancers, functions as a phospha

• The majority of APC C subunits form a giant scaffold

  2020-06-05

  

  The majority of APC/C subunits form a giant scaffold, which was originally named the arc lamp, based on its shape when viewing APC/C from one side (Figure 1 and Box 1) [24]. The scaffold consists of two modules: the TPR lobe resembles the curved post and lamp, and the platform resembles the 92 3 su

• br The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin proteasome

  2020-06-05

  

  The ubiquitin proteasome system The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a significant role in the regulation of cell growth and survival, in addition to maintaining cellular homeostasis. By means of the UPS, myc pathway can precisely and temporally degrade approximately 80% of the entire prot

• Moreover in this study weak expression of MT and

  2020-06-05

  

  Moreover, in this study, weak expression of MT1 and MT2 was also detected in the oviduct muscular layers. Although there are no reports regarding the role of MT1 and MT2 in oviduct muscular layers, previous studies have demonstrated that melatonin plays an important role in the uterine contractility

• ICT is a product of icariin via

  2020-06-05

  

  ICT is a product of icariin via the metabolism of intestinal bacteria with estrogen-like activities [33]. ICT as a bone-protecting agent can enhance osteoblast differentiation while suppressing osteoclastic differentiation in vitro [19], and stimulate osteogenic differentiation and inhibit adipogene

• br Conclusions There is significant interest in understandin

  2020-06-05

  

  Conclusions There is significant interest in understanding the contribution of biological mechanisms to the non-linear/bilinear dose–response curves for DNA-reactive agents. Model monofunctional alkylating agents have datasets amenable to PoD determination for genotoxic effects in both in vitro a

• The only reported synthesis of the aminobicyclic core of

  2020-06-05

  

  The only reported synthesis of the aminobicyclic core of is based on bis-alkylation of a 4-amino-5,6-dihydroxypyrmidine with dibromoethane. The likelihood of poor regiocontrol/reactivity in utilizing such a transformation for the synthesis of compounds with a substituent on the dioxinyl ring led us

• The purposes of this study

  2020-06-05

  

  The purposes of this study are to investigate the molecular function of DDR2, especially in cellular proliferation in prechondrocytes, and to examine the relationship between the proliferation and differentiation of prechondrocytes through both in vitro and in vivo analysis. Materials and methods

• Perturbation in the cytokine network is

  2020-06-05

  

  Perturbation in the cytokine network is correlated with disruption of growth hormone and glucocorticoid (GC) homeostasis (Thissen and Verniers, 1997; Sahid El-Radhi et al., 2000; Waxman and Holloway, 2009; Zhao et al., 2014), with important physiological consequences because cytokines affect the reg

• IL is not expressed in tissues constitutively

  2020-06-05

  

  IL-8 is not expressed in tissues constitutively because of its strong chemoattractant, proinflammatory, and angiogenic activities. Rather, it is an inducible factor, produced by a variety of cell types, including leukocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial and epithelial cells, in response to proinflammato

• After repeated intermittent exposure to a psychostimulant an

  2020-06-05

  

  After repeated, intermittent exposure to a psychostimulant an augmentation of drug response to motor activity is commonly observed, a phenomenon known as behavioral sensitization (Kalivas and Stewart, 1991, Steketee and Kalivas, 2011). On the other hand, several reports have pointed out that stress

• We further examined our hypothesis that the activation of

  2020-06-05

  

  We further examined our hypothesis that the activation of CRF and CCK systems is responsible for the enhanced anxiety-like behavior induced by immobilization stress using two antagonists to block the expression of CRF1 and CCK2 receptors. It was found that CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945 or CRF1 ant

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